06/05/2024
The History of Honey Fraud
The international traffic of adulterated honey has increased to unsustainable proportions in recent years. Peter Awram is at the forefront of attempts to stamp this out through rigorous honey testing and database development.
Fake honey is not a new problem. In 1889, Dr. Harvey Wiley of the US Department of Agriculture testified before the US Congress that honey was the most adulterated food in the country. Regulations that were introduced to combat the problem were reasonably effective, but through the 20th century there were scares and bad publicity involving heavy metals (lead) or antibiotics (chloramphenicol). Regulators in Europe, the US and everywhere reacted with bans and import duties. An initial anti-dumping duty was levied on Chinese honey in 1994 by the US> Then in 1997 China had an outbreak of American Foulbrood (AFB) in their hives and used chloramphenicol, a banned antibiotic that causes aplastic anaemia in humans. When the industry recovered the next year, China started exporting high levels of honey to take back market share, resulting in a new anti-dumping duty on China that prevented sales to the US. Prices shot up in North America because of the shortage of honey, and probably kickstarted the current explosion in fake honey.
With the bans and anti-dumping duties, China suddenly had a huge surplus of honey and no place to sell it. The altered honey was diverted through other countries such as Vietnam and India where the export rules were not as strict, relabelled as honey from those countries, and distributed throughout the world. This practice is referred to as trans-shipping. In 2008, federal agents in the US uncovered $80 million in evasion of shipping bans and anti-dumping duties through trans-shipping. This is the largest successful food fraud prosecution in history. Yet it appears to be a drop in the ocean. Honey fraud has continued to accelerate at an alarming rate.
Note. This is an excerpt from an article originally published in the BBKA News in June 2020.