31/05/2026
Using Manure as a Substrate in Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Farming
There has been growing skepticism and numerous inquiries regarding the use of manure as a substrate, particularly among medium- to large-scale BSF farming operations.
However, when properly understood and managed, manure (poultry, pigs and cow manure among others) remains one of the most practical and valuable resources in BSF production systems.
Why Manure is a Viable Substrate:
Abundant and Readily Available Resource
Manure is one of the most accessible waste materials, especially for poultry and pig farmers. It is often available in large quantities at little or no cost, making it an ideal input for converting waste into high-quality protein—one of the primary objectives of BSF farming.
Nutrient Recycling Potential
From a biological standpoint, approximately 40–50% of the feed consumed by livestock is excreted as waste/manure. When manure is properly collected—before contamination by houseflies—and adequately processed, a significant portion of these nutrients becomes available and digestible for BSF larvae.
This creates an efficient waste-to-value chain, aligning with the core purpose of BSF farming.
Cost-Effective and Sustainable Production
The use of manure significantly reduces substrate costs, thereby improving profitability and sustainability. It allows farmers to operate BSF systems with minimal external input while effectively managing farm waste.
Continuous and Reliable Supply
Unlike kitchen or market waste that can fluctuate, manure is produced daily and consistently on livestock farms.
👉 This ensures steady BSF production cycles without feed interruption.
Reduces Waste Disposal Costs
Farmers often spend money, time, and labour managing manure.
👉 BSF turns this liability into an asset, eliminating disposal stress and cost.
Improves Farm Hygiene
When manure is quickly converted by BSFL:
Waste accumulation is reduced
Breeding grounds for harmful pests decrease
👉 Leads to a cleaner and healthier farm environment.
Fast Waste Conversion Rate
BSF larvae can break down manure rapidly (within days).
👉 This allows quick turnover and high productivity, especially for commercial setups.
Supports Circular Farming Systems
Manure → BSFL → Livestock feed → Manure again
👉 Creates a closed-loop system, reducing dependence on external inputs.
Enhances Profitability of Livestock Farming
By converting manure into protein:
Feed costs drop significantly
Additional income streams can be created (selling larvae or frass)
👉 Increases overall farm profitability.
Scalable for Commercial Production
Manure is one of the few substrates available in large, uniform quantities, making it ideal for:
Medium-scale
Industrial BSF farming
👉 Supports expansion without raw material limitations.
Reduces Environmental Pollution
Untreated manure contributes to:
Water pollution
Greenhouse gas emissions
👉 BSF processing helps reduce environmental impact, making farming more eco-friendly and compliant.
Promotes Organic Fertilizer Production (Frass)
After larvae feeding, the leftover residue (frass):
Is nutrient-rich
Improves soil health
👉 Adds another valuable farm output.
Manure is not just waste—it is a hidden resource. When properly managed in BSF systems, it becomes a powerful tool for reducing cost, improving sustainability, and transforming livestock farming into a more profitable and environmentally friendly enterprise.
While manure offers numerous benefits, it also comes with certain limitations. To maximize its effectiveness, proper processing, treatment, and blending with other high-quality organic waste streams are essential. When managed correctly, manure stands out as one of the most accessible and scalable substrates for BSF farming across Africa.
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