08/31/2026
A 36-year-old German man with advanced ALS had lost voluntary muscle control, including reliable movement of his eyes.
By 2019, he could no longer use the eye-tracking system that had previously allowed him to communicate.
Surgeons implanted two 64-electrode microelectrode arrays in areas of his motor cortex.
For months, researchers tried different ways of turning his brain activity into something he could deliberately control.
Eventually, they found one.
Using auditory feedback, he learned to change his neural activity to move the pitch of a tone higher or lower. He later indicated that he did this by attempting to move his eyes.
Those signals became yes and no.
A spelling system then presented letters through audio, allowing him to select them one at a time at roughly one character per minute.
The messages were practical and specific.
He asked for beer, goulash and pea soup through his feeding tube, curry with potatoes, a head massage from his mother and changes to the position of his head when visitors were around.
He also asked to hear an album by Tool played loud.
And to his four-year-old son, he spelled out:
“I love my cool son.”
The system didn't work reliably every day, and communication remained extremely slow.
Still, after months without a dependable way to speak, individual letters were enough to make his preferences known again.
Credit: Wyss Center