18/08/2026
I came to cheese through wine. France’s modern appellation system did too.
INAO traces the development of that system to the wine crises of 1905–1935: phylloxera, fraud and a much bigger question about what a place name should actually guarantee.
In 1925, Roquefort became France’s first cheese appellation of origin. Wine appellations already existed by then, but the formal AOC system had not yet been created.
And that intersection of wine, cheese and place is exactly where I wanted to begin.
🇫🇷 WINE COURTIER · ISSUE 1: FRANCE THROUGH CHEESE
Part 1/7 · Normandy + Loire Valley
Wine had taken me to France many times; cheese gave me another way in.
We spend so much time talking about what’s next in food and wine. With this series, I wanted to look back at some of what has shaped our tables, and perhaps introduce you to a cheese, bottle or story that wasn’t there before.
📍 Normandy
Normandy has four cheese AOPs: Camembert de Normandie, Pont-l’Évêque, Livarot and Neufchâtel.
Camembert de Normandie is particularly worth reading the label for. Raw milk and ladle-moulding are part of the AOP rules, so a generic camembert simply made in Normandy is not the same protected cheese.
And with Normandy’s soft cheeses? I often reach for cider before wine. Its acidity and gentle effervescence are a wonderful counterpoint to a ripe, creamy rind.
Then the landscape changes.
📍 Loire Valley
This is extraordinary goat-cheese country: Sainte-Maure de Touraine, Valençay, Selles-sur-Cher and Crottin de Chavignol.
Sauvignon Blanc feels almost inevitable here, its freshness working beautifully with the lactic tang of chèvre. Chavignol sits in the Sancerrois, and Sancerre’s vineyards include Chavignol itself, making “local” unusually literal.
And then there was something I noticed in two Loire bottles I’d already opened.
Both carried the word silex, French for flint:
🍷 Bernard Fouquet Vouvray Cuvée de Silex 2021 sec
🍷 Domaine Chatelain Pouilly-Fumé Les Chailloux Silex 2023
Two appellations. Two grapes, Chenin Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc. One word.
But silex on a label doesn’t mean we are literally tasting rock. “Flinty” and “mineral” are sensory descriptions, not proof that the rock itself has somehow travelled into the glass.
Exactly the sort of rabbit hole I hope France Through Cheese takes us down.
Normandy or Loire, which side of the board would you reach for first?
And if you know someone who spends far too long at the cheese counter, feel free to send this their way.
Sources: INAO · CNIEL · Ministère de l’Agriculture.
The shaded areas in this series are editorial guides for navigation, not French administrative regions or legal AOP production zones.