Eptonal Farm Limited

Eptonal Farm Limited Eptonal Farm, is a poultry and a fishery farm which is known in production of quality Eggs, beef and

12/11/2025

PULLORUM,GUMBORO & COCCIDIOSIS

Pullorum disease, Gumboro disease, and Coccidiosis are three common but very different threats that poultry farmers often face. Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella pullorum, mainly affects young chicks. It spreads from infected eggs or contaminated equipment and causes white diarrhea, weakness, and high mortality in chicks under three weeks. Surviving birds often become carriers, silently spreading the infection to future flocks.

Gumboro disease (Infectious Bursal Disease) on the other hand, is caused by a virus that attacks the bird’s immune system, particularly the bursa of Fabricius. It commonly affects birds between 3–6 weeks old. Signs include ruffled feathers, trembling, vent picking, and watery diarrhea. While Gumboro rarely kills all affected birds, it weakens their immunity, making them more vulnerable to other infections and reducing vaccine response.

Coccidiosis, unlike the other two, is caused by a protozoan parasite (Eimeria species) that multiplies in the gut. It is often triggered by wet litter and poor hygiene. Birds show bloody or watery droppings, drooping wings, and reduced feed intake. Unlike Pullorum and Gumboro, Coccidiosis can affect birds at any age if sanitation is poor. The three diseases share similar outward signs like diarrhea, weakness, and reduced productivity, but they differ in cause, age of susceptibility, and method of control. Good biosecurity, vaccination, and proper litter management remain the best defense against all three.

31/10/2025

WHICH SHOULD COME FIRST — GUMBORO OR LASOTA?🤔

This question has caused more confusion among farmers than it probably should. Some say Lasota should always come first, others insist on Gumboro. But honestly, it all depends on what’s prevalent in your environment and the vaccination schedules of your hatcheries.

If Newcastle Disease tends to strike the birds earlier in your environment, Lasota should go first. But if Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) shows up before anything else, then it makes sense to start with the Gumboro vaccine.

So why do most hatcheries recommend Lasota first?

✅ Stronger maternal antibodies for Gumboro:
Chicks inherit a stronger and longer-lasting immunity against Gumboro from vaccinated mother hens. If you give the Gumboro vaccine too early (before 10–14 days), these antibodies can neutralize it, making the vaccine less effective.

✅ Earlier Newcastle vulnerability:
Maternal protection against Newcastle doesn’t last long. Young chicks become vulnerable sooner, so administering Lasota first helps provide timely active protection.

✅ Gumboro timing:
The risk of a Gumboro outbreak peaks around 2–3 weeks of age. Giving the vaccine between 10–14 days ensures the maternal antibodies have waned just enough for the vaccine to work effectively.

There’s really no fixed rule, though. What works for one farm might not work for another. Even hatcheries differ — for instance, Agrited’s chart starts with Lasota before Gumboro.

So, farmers… let’s talk.
What’s your own experience? Which one do you administer first on your farm — and why?

EPTONAL Farms

Farms

07/09/2025

Broilers

1. Purpose
Primarily raised for meat.

2. Growth:
Grow very quickly, reaching slaughter weight in about 6-8 weeks.

3. Feed:

Need diets high in energy and protein for rapid weight gain.

4. Lifespan:

Very short, with a productive life ending after a few weeks.

5. Physical Traits:
Larger, heavier, and have a more rounded body shape.

LAYERS

1. Purpose:
Bred to produce eggs.

2. Growth: Grow slower, starting to lay eggs at around 18-22 weeks of age.

3. Feed:
Require a balanced diet to support egg production without excessive weight gain.

4. Lifespan:
Have a much longer productive life, often laying eggs for 1-2 years.

5. Physical Traits: Generally smaller with a streamlined body, optimized for egg production.
Key Differences Summarized

Production: (Summary of Differences)
1. Meat vs. eggs.
Growth: Broilers grow fast for meat; layers grow slower for egg-laying.

2. Feed:
Broilers need high-protein, high-energy feed; layers need balanced feed for eggs.

3. Lifespan: Broilers have short lives; layers have long, productive lives.

4. Profitability: Broilers offer quick returns; layers provide long-term revenue from eggs. Follow Eptonal Farm Limited please share and like

03/08/2025

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT RAISING TURKEYS ALONGSIDE CHICKENS

1. Disease Turkeys are easily affected by blackhead disease from chickens. Good hygiene and separate water/feeding help reduce risk.

2. Feeding Turkeys need a higher protein diet than chickens, especially as chicks. Don't mix feeds for both.

3. Space Turkeys need more room and bigger housing than chickens, so overcrowding should be avoided.

4. Behavior Turkeys are generally calm but can pick on smaller chickens, so supervise and watch for bullying.

5. Management Clean coops often, give both birds their own feeders and waterers, and monitor their health regularly.

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03/08/2025

SIMPLE VACCINATION SCHEDULE FOR LAYER CHICKENS

1. Day 1 Marek’s Disease vaccine is given by injection at the hatchery to protect chicks from early diseases.

2. Days 5–7 Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis vaccines are given together (eye drop or drinking water).

3. Days 10–14 Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) vaccine, given through drinking water.

4. Day 18–21 Booster for Newcastle Disease (drinking water or eye drop).

5. Week 6 Fowl pox vaccine, usually by a small prick on the wing.

6. Week 8 Fowl typhoid and Infectious Coryza vaccines (injection) if these are common in your area.

7. Week 16–18 Final Newcastle booster and Egg Drop Syndrome vaccine before laying starts.

8. Afterwards Newcastle boosters and Infectious Bronchitis vaccines are repeated every few months for continued protection.

This helps keep layer chickens healthy and productive.

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03/08/2025

BEST EGG-LAYING CHICKEN BREEDS
A CLOSER LOOK AT NATURE’S MOST PRODUCTIVE HENS

If you’ve ever dreamed of a steady supply of fresh eggs, these sixteen chicken breeds are your golden ticket. From backyard hobbyists to commercial farmers, these birds are known for their incredible egg-laying abilities, vibrant personalities, and diverse origins. Here's a friendly walk through the flocks.

isa brown
One of the most reliable layers out there. Friendly and easygoing, ISA Browns can lay between 300 to 350 light brown eggs a year. They're medium-sized with reddish plumage and come from France. These hens thrive everywhere from suburban gardens to small farms.

lohmann brown
Hailing from Germany, Lohmann Browns are gentle girls with consistent output of 290 to 320 brown eggs annually. Medium build, deep brown feathers, and a calm temperament make them an excellent choice for families and producers alike.

leghorn
Straight from Italy, Leghorns are sleek, energetic layers of 280 to 320 white eggs a year. They're small to medium-sized with bright yellow legs and snowy white plumage. Known for their independence and hardiness, Leghorns are popular all over the world.

golden comet
A sweet hybrid born in the USA, Golden Comets lay around 250 to 300 medium to large light brown eggs yearly. They're compact, golden-red, and super friendly—often a favorite among backyard chicken keepers.

rhode island red
This American classic is known for its resilience and excellent laying record of 250 to 300 eggs per year. Deep mahogany feathers, a rectangular body, and bold attitude—they're popular across the globe, especially in rural settings.

australorp
Australia’s proud contribution to egg production. Australorps lay up to 250 to 300 light brown eggs annually and have shiny black feathers with a green sheen. Calm and curious, they’re loved in both Australia and worldwide.

sussex
These British beauties come in a variety of colors, often speckled or buff, and lay about 240

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