Kims Morden Poultry Farm

Kims Morden Poultry Farm Dealling with producing and importing and exporting quality agricultural products,breeding and selli

20/08/2020

Turkey project at early stages.

22/12/2018

HELPFUL TIPS TO GROW OR EXPAND YOUR POULTRY FARM BUSINESS

1. Start small:
Don’t start large scale poultry farming if you are inexperienced in the business. I have seen a lot of people make this mistake and it is wrong. They read about how people are making millions from poultry farming and then they go ahead to invest their live savings into the business. Some even go and obtain loans to start a business that they are inexperienced at.

For a business like poultry farming, you have to start small and then expand gradually as your business grows and demands for your products increase. You should also do a proper feasibility study before you go into the business. If there are too many competitors or if the supply for poultry products exceeds the demand in your area, then look for somewhere else to start your business or look for another business to start. There are several other lucrative businesses in the livestock farming industry that you can consider.

2. Consider Meat Packaging and Production:
A lot of people get their poultry products from grocery stores and supermarkets. Very few people still buy live animals because they feel it is less stressful when you buy already packaged meat which you can use to make your meal in few minutes. Therefore, you should really consider having your own meat production and packaging business to sell the products from your farm.

Once you have your poultry farm, starting a meat packaging company is fairly easy. Just create a space for butchering and cleaning the animals, hire butchers and buy equipment that would make the job mechanized and faster, some refrigerators and then approach food regulatory agencies in your area for a license and boom! You are ready to start packaging your own meat.

3. Have your own sales outlet:
Another way to expand your poultry business is to have your own sales outlet and not rely only on supplying to retailers. You don’t have to have too many sales outlets; you can start with just one. You can sell your own branded chickens and chicken parts and fresh eggs to consumers.


4. Offer Mobile Sales and Delivery Services: Twenty-four hours in a day is just not enough for most of us because of the kind of busy lives we lead. Now, imagine having to cook, shop for groceries, tend to the kids and do all sort of other house chores and still maintain a 9-5 job. It’s really not easy for a lot of working parents and this is why mobile sales and delivery services always works.

A lot of people see such services as a live saving one; a service that brings you necessities without dealing with stress and traffic. With a van or two, you are ready to start offering such services within your area and that is also an expansion of your income.

5. Employ sales representatives
Don’t think that your business is too small to employ sales reps or that poultry business is not serious enough to have sales representatives. Right here in my office, I have someone who brings me fresh eggs weekly and frozen chicken when I feel like having chicken.

She’s a sales rep and earns commission for each item she sells. I have also been able to introduce her to my colleague and friends who also buy from her regularly. Now, her employer is a very smart poultry farmer because even when I buy from the grocery store, I only buy their products. Having a sales representative is a good way to increase awareness for your products and increase sales too.

6. Have your own Hatchery:
Instead of purchasing day old chicks, it’s more cost effective to have your own hatchery for hatching new chicks. You would be able to reduce the costs of hatching and also increase output compared to outsourcing the service to other people.

7. Produce your own feed:
Another tip for growing your poultry business is to have your own feed mill for producing chicken feed. Chicken feed production is not so hard; if you can learn how to raise chickens, then you can learn how to produce chicken feed and if you are able to reduce the costs of producing feed, you would be able to increase on the overall profitability of your business.

8. Employ Experienced Staff:
Another way to grow your poultry business is to employ people who are experienced to handle the operational aspects of the business. If you have a really large poultry farm, you can employ business consultants to suggest ways through which you can expand your poultry business.

9. Take Stock regularly :
You should also keep an eye on the output from your farm. You should have a store where eggs are stored and have some people who would be in charge of stock keeping and counting the chickens regularly. This would help to prevent thefts.

10. Apply for Government Grants:
Agriculture is something that the government is always interested in. And that is why there are a lot of support programs for investors in the agricultural sector. Such support programs come in the form of government backed loans and grants. You should look out for such grants and apply for them.

Profitableveneture®

09/10/2018

SUNFLOWER IS A GOOD SOURCE OF ANIMAL FEED

Sunflower provides high quality feed for livestock, it also produces healthy oil for people. Most dairy farmers may not know the value of sunflower as feed for dairy cows and even chickens. The main source of feed for dairy cows is Napier grass, maize stalks and hay.

The little dairy meal concentrates bought from agro-veterinary shops. However, giving your animals feed that is balanced both in nutrients and in adequate quantities will ensure good milk production all year round.

Making your own feeds not only cuts the cost of buying, it also ensures a farmer has good quality feed. The quality of feeds in the market is not assured, nowadays millers have devised ways of constituting poor quality feeds which are then sold to unsuspecting farmers. Beekeepers growing sunflower have an added advantage of high quality honey because bees collect pollen from sunflower while pollinating them.

1. A good source of proteins

Sunflower meal is one of the major protein sources in livestock feed, especially dairy cattle, chickens and even pigs and rabbits. It has a high protein, fibre and oil content. It has a protein content of between 29- 30% and a crude fibre content of 27-31% and lignin (9-12%) and lysine (3.5%). One good characteristic of sunflower is that it does not have any ingredients that affect nutrition in livestock, although its high fibre and lignin (the hard, woody part of the sunflower plant) tend to affect its digestibility. Besides, sunflower is a good source of calcium, phosphorus and B vitamins.

Apart from dairy cows, sunflower can be fed to rabbits, pigs and chickens. The quality of sunflower fed to livestock depends on the way it has been processed. For example sunflower that is milled without removing the outer cover (also called husk or hull) has high fibre (between 27-31%) but low protein content (about 23%); but in highly processed sunflower where the husks are completely extracted, protein content can be as high as 40%.

2. Sunflower can replace other feed sources

Dairy cows produce more milk when fed on sunflower meal that is partially or fully dehulled. For rabbits, pigs and poultry, a sunflower meal that is high on fibre and lignin would be suitable since they require feed with less energy. But what farmers need to know is that sunflower is still nutritious even when fed to animals without much processing. Sunflower can be substituted with soya beans or even ground nuts but farmers are advised to take a sample of the sunflower feed for analysis to ensure it has the right balance of fibre and proteins.

3. Sunflower recommended

According to studies conducted in Tanzania, sunflower added to maize bran at the rate of 31% and fed to Zebu cross-bred dairy cows increased milk yield from 6.6 litres per day to 8.1 litres per day. In Zimbabwe, sunflower cake added to maize and urea-treated maize stalks at the rate of 4.4kg per day in Jersey, red Dane and cross-bred dairy cows in open pasture, increased milk yield from an average of 5.8–6.0kg per day. In similar studies in UK, sunflower meal supplemented with fish and bone meal maintained the same amount of milk in Fresian dairy cows when it was replaced with soybean and rapeseed meal.

3. How to prepare animal feed

Sunflower cake is a rich source of protein and can make quality livestock feed for animals on the farm instead of buying expensive commercial feed whose quality is unknown. 3.5kg of sunflower, when pressed and milled, produce 1 litre of oil and 2.5kg of seed cake.

A) Dairy cattle rations

》Mix 18kg of Sunflower cake with 100kg of maize germ to make dairy meal.

》Give a highly productive cow 4kg of the sunflower and maize germ dairy meal and 2kg to low milk producing cows.

》Apart from feeding concentrates, dairy cows should be given their daily ration of Napier grass, hay or any other available good quality fodder to their satisfaction.

Ration for chickens🐓🐔

》Chickens starter: Mix 22kg of sunflower cake with 100kg of maize germ.

》Growers’ mash: Mix 20kg of sunflower with 100 kg of crushed maize (gristed maize)

》Layers mash: Mix 18kg of sunflower cake with 100kg of gristed maize.

♡NOTE: When formulating feed for dairy cows, farmers should ensure the sunflower content is not more than 20% of the feed ration. In poultry feed, the sunflower content should not be more than 7% of the total feed ration.

HOW TO GROW SUNFLOWER

Climatic requirements: Sunflower can do well in a wide range of soils but it does best in fertile, loamy soils. The plant has a deep taproot, which makes it grow even in areas with very little amount of rainfall. An average of 500-750mm of rainfall is adequate for sunflower production. It can be grown from sea level to an altitude of 2600 metres above sea level.

Land preparation: The land should be well tilled to form a firm seedbed. Spacing: Seeds can be planted at a spacing of 75cm by 30cm at the rate of 2kg per acre (5kg/ hectare). Plant 3 seeds per hill and thin to 1 plant per hill when the crop is 10-20cm high.

Fertilizer application: Sunflower does well in fertile soils. Application of rock phosphate would be appropriate because sunflower requires sufficient phosphate fertilizer to grow well. Application of well-prepared compost would provide additional nutrients to the soil. If rock phosphate is used, it is important to add humic acid from products such as Humax or Black Majik because rock phosphate is a slow release fertilizer that requires humic acid to hasten its breakdown and uptake by the plants.

W**ding: Sunflower does well in a w**d free environ ment. W**d the crop when it is 0.7 metres high (after about 4 weeks). The crop cover prevents w**d regeneration later.

Birds’ damage: Birds can damage up to 50% of sunflower if they are not kept away through scaring. To prevent bird damage farmers can take the following measures:

》Cut the sunflower at knee height just before it dries completely. Cut off the head (capitulum). Spike the head on the standing stem with face downwards.

》Remove the Sunflower heads after drying and store at home.

》Threshing can be done at home using sticks and sunflower seeds stored.

》Sunflower seeds should be dried to 10% moisture content before storage.
Varieties

There are two main varieties of sunflower, the dwarf and the tall varieties. The tall varieties are open pollinated and grow up to a height of 1.5–2.4m. Their yield is poor compared to hybrids.

23/07/2018

Na Daniel Mbega, of MaendeleoVijijini
Utangulizi:
Mipapai ni moja ya miti ya matunda inayolimwa ulimwenguni kote na hapa Tanzania, miti hiyo inalimwa karibu kila mahali. Mipapai au kwa jina la kitaalam Carica papaya, ni miongoni mwa spishi 22 zinazokubalika katika jenasi ya Carica na familia ya Caricaceae.
Asili ya mipapai ni katika maeneo ya tropiki huko Amerika, pengine kusini mwa Mexico na nchi kadhaa za Amerika ya Kati. Kwa mara ya kwanza miti hii ililimwa nchini Mexico karne kabla ya kuibuka kwa ustaarabu wa Mesoamerican.
MaendeleoVijijini inafahamu kwamba, tunda la papai lina sukari, Vitamini A na C kwa wingi na huweza kuliwa k**a tunda. Pia huweza kutengenezwa saladi, jamu na kukamuliwa kupata juisi.
Utomvu wa papai bichi hutumika kulainisha nyama na kutengeneza dawa mbalimbali.
Nchini Tanzania, wastani wa uzalishaji ni tani 2,582 tu kwa mwaka.
Hata hivyo, India na Brazil ndizo nchi zinazoongoza kwa uzalishajji wa mapapai ulimwenguni, ambapo kwa mujibu wa takwimu za Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Chakula na Kilimo (FAO) za mwaka 2013, nchi hizo kwa pamoja zilizalisha 57% ya tani milioni 12.4 zilizozalishwa mwaka huo.
Takwimu hizo, ambazo MaendeleoVijijini imeziona, zinaonyesha kwamba, kwa mwaka 2013, India ilizalisha tani milioni 5.5, Brazil tani milioni 1.6, Indonesia tani milioni 0.9, Nigeria tani milioni 0.8 na Mexico tani milioni 0.8.
Zao hili ambalo llimepata umaarufu mkubwa duniani miongoni mwa mazao yanayozalishwa katika nchi za tropiki kwa sasa linashika nafasi ya nne nyuma ya migomba, machungwa na maembe.
Kidunia, uzalishaji umeongezeka kwa kasi katika miaka michache iliyopita, hasa kutokana na kuongezeka kwa uzalishaji nchini India. Mapapai yamekuwa miongoni mwa mazao ya kilimo yanayosafirishwa nje ya nchi katika nchi zinazoendelea, ambako mapato ya usafirishaji wa zao hilo yameongeza ustawi wa maelfu ya watu, hususan katika nchi za barani Asia na Amerika ya Kati.

Mazingira:
Ingawa asili ya zao hili ni kusini mwa Mexico (hasa maeneo ya Chiapas na Veracruz), Amerika ya Kati, na kaskazini mwa Bara la Amerika ya Kaskazini, kwa sasa mipapai inazalishwa kwa wingi katika nchi za kitropiki duniani.
MaendeleoVijijini inatambua kwamba, mipapai huanza kuzaa miaka mitatu tangu kupandwa shambani. Hata hivyo, ni zao ambalo halihitaji unyevu mwingi na ndiyo maana linalimwa zaidi kwenye nchi za kitropiki ambako kuna joto.
Mipapai huhitaji jjoto la wastani kati ya nyzi 22 na 26 za Sentigredi na mvua kiasi cha milimeta 1,000 na 1,800 kwa mwaka. Zao hili linastawi vizuri kwenye udongo usiotuamisha maji kwani yakisimama kwa saa 48 tu mpapai unaweza kufa, wenye rutuba ya kutosha kwani mipapai haina mzizi mrefu, haihitaji udongo wenye kina kirefu na lazima udongo uwe na uchachu kati ya pH 6 na pH 7.
Upepo mkali huangusha mipapai, hivyo inashauriwa kupanda miti pembeni mwa shamba la mipapai. Inashauriwa kupanda miti ya kukinga upepo kuzunguka shamba lako, miti k**a miparachichi, migravilea, vibiriti (leucaena Spp) na miembe pia inafaa. Hakikisha miti ya kukinga upepo inakuwa mirefu kuzidi mipapai kwa mita 10 mpaka 20 juu zaidi.
Kipindi cha jua kali mpapai usiachwe zaidi ya wiki 8 bila kumwagiliwa maji k**a hakuna mvua ingawa wakati wa mapapai kuiva k**a kuna ukame basi hii huongeza ubora wa papai ikiwemo kutooza mapema sokoni.

Usipande mipapai mfululizo kwenye shamba moja kwa zaidi ya miaka mitano kwa sababu hiyo inaweza kusababisha usugu wa magonjwa. Unahitaji kubadilisha mazao japo kwa msimu mmoja ili kuua mzunguko wa magonjwa.
Mipapai inaweza kuchanganganywa na miembe na mimea jamii ya michungwa, pia mazao ya msimu k**a mahindi, mtama, ufuta, alizeti na mboga mboga yanaweza kulimwa.

Aina za mipapai:
Kwa kawaida kwenye mipapai kuna mipapai ya jinsia tatu: midume, majike na yenye jinsia zote (hermaphrodite) ambayo huwa na mapapai marefu zaidi, na pia kuna isiyoeleweka ambayo huwa na mapapai mafupi sana.
Papai dume hutoa poleni peke yake, siyo matunda.

Papai jike linaweza kuzaa matunda madogo, yasiyolika ikiwa halikuchavushwa.

Mpapai wenye jinsia zote mbili unaweza kujichavusha wenyewe kwa sababu maua yake yana stamens za kiume na mayai ya k**e. Kwa kawaida bustani nyingi za mapapai ya bishara zina miti yenye jinsia zote, yaani hermaphrodite.

MaendeleoVijijini inafahamu kwamba, kuna aina nyingi za mipapai lakini zinazolimwa zaidi nchini Tanzania ni aina ya Solo, Hortus Gold na aina za kienyeji.
Solo ni aina ya mipapai ambayo maua yake yana mbegu za k**e na kiume katika ua moja. Mapapai ya Solo yana umbo lililochongoka kidogo mfano wa yai au k**a tunda la peasi na nyama yake ni nyekundu. Matunda yake hukua hadi kufikia uzito wa nusu kilo.

Hortus Gold ni aina ambayo mbegu za kiume na k**e zinapatikana katika maua tofauti lakini katika mmea mmoja. Rangi ya nyama yake ni ya dhahabu na matunda yake hukua hadi kufikia uzito wa kilo moja na nusu mpaka kilo mbili. Mapapai ya Solo ni matamu zaidi kuliko ya Hortus Gold na ndiyo yenye soko kubwa.

Utayarishaji wa shamba:
Shamba litayarishwe mwezi mmoja kabla ya kupanda. Wakati wa kutayarisha shamba punguza miti, ng’oa visiki na fyeka majani, halafu yakusanye pamoja na yachome.
Chimba mashimo yenye ukubwa wa sentimeta 40 upana, urefu na kina. Nafasi kati ya shimo na shimo iwe meta mbili au tatu na mstari na mstari iwe meta mbili na nusu hadi tatu. Baada ya kuchimba mashimo jaza mbolea ya samadi au takataka zilizooza vizuri (mata mahuluku) kiasi cha debe mbili kwa kila shimo.

Upandaji:
Mbegu za mipapai zinaweza kupandwa moja kwa moja shambani au kuoteshwa kwanza kitaluni na baadaye miche kuhamishiwa na kupandikizwa shambani.
K**a zitaoteshwa kitaluni zipande katika nafasi ya sentimeta mbili na nusu kutoka shimo hadi shimo na sentimeta 10 kutoka mstari hadi mstari.
Mbegu za mipapai zinaweza kupandwa kwenye viriba vilivyojazwa mchanganyiko wa udongo na mbole za asili. Kwenye kila pakiti weka mbegu 2 – 3.
Kwa kawaida, mbegu huota baada ya wiki mbili na miche huwa tayari kupandikizwa shambani kuanzia wiki sita hadi nane ambapo wakati huo miche huwa na urefu wa sentimeta 20-40. K**a udongo unatuamisha maji panda kwenye matuta yenye urefu wa sentimeta 40 – 60.
yaliyokwishatayarishwa mapema. Mbegu nane zipandwe katika kila shimo maana miche mingine inaweza kufa kwa magonjwa, kuliwa na wadudu au ikaota dume.
Katika kuandaa mbegu, kusanya mbegu kutoka kwenye mapapai makubwa na yaliyokomaa na kuiva, kausha mbegu vizuri kabla ya kupanda. K**a utapata mbegu za kununua ni vizuri zaidi. Baada ya kukausha hakikisha unazipanda ndani ya wiki moja.

Utunzaji wa shamba la mipapai:
Kupunguza miche
Baada ya mbegu kuota, miche ipunguzwe na kuacha miche minne katika kila shimo. Maua yakishatoka mipapai isiyotakiwa. Baada ya miezi 3 – 5 tangu kupandwa shambani mipapai itatoa maua na hapo jinsia ya mipapai itajulikana na mingine itabidi ipunguzwe na hasa midume, mipapai yenye jinsi zote inatakiwa isizidi asilimia 10 – 20 na midume ibaki mmoja katika kila mijike 25. K**a umepanda aina ya mipapai ambayo maua yake yana mbegu za kiume na k**e, ondoa mipapai yote ya kiume. Mimea yenye magonjwa pia inabidi ing’olewe.

Urutubishaji wa udongo
Ili mimea iweze kukua haraka, inashauriwa kuweka mbolea za kukuzia k**a vile SA au Urea. Kiasi kinachotakiwa ni kilo 200 za SA au kilo 100 za Urea kwa hekta moja. Mbolea za asili k**a vile samadi na mbolea vunde ziwekwe kila mwaka kiasi cha kilo debe moja hadi mbili kwenye kila mpapai ili kuongeza ukuaji na uzazi. Mabaki ya mimea yanaweza pia kuwekwa k**a matandazo na h ii ni muhimu zaidi kipindi cha kiangazi ili kuzuia unyevu usipotee.

Palizi
Palizi katika shamba la mipapai ni muhimu hasa wakati wa mwanzo. Mipapai inapopandwa tu inaweza kuwekewa matandazo kuizunguka ili kuzuia uoataji wa magugu. Magugu yang’olewe yakiwa machanga na epuka kuchimbua chini sana maana mizizi ya mipapai huwa juu juu. Njia nzuri ni kuweka matandazo kwenye shamba lote ili kuzuia uotaji wa magugu.
Mipapai iangaliwe dhidi ya magonjwa, ing’olewe na kuchomwa au kufukiwa chini ikiwa itabainika kuwa na magonjwa, piga dawa dhidi ya magonjwa ya fangasi na virusi mara yanapoibuka ili kuongeza uzaaji na kipato chako.
Ondoa matawi yote yatakayojitokeza pembeni ya mpapai wako, na hii ifanyike mapema kabla ya tawi kuwa kubwa.
Ondoa mapapi yote ambayo yatakuwa hayakuchavuliwa vizuri na acha yale yenye afya tu
Weka miti ya kuegemea k**a mpapai utazaa matunda mengi na hasa wakati wa upepo mwingi ili kuzuia mipapai isivunjike
Mipapai ikitunzwa inaweza kuishi mika mingi, ila kwa ajili ya mazao bora ondoa mipapai na upande mingine baada ya kila miaka mitatu (3) kwani mpapai unapo kuwa mkubwa basi rutuba yote huishia kwenye mti wenyewe

Magonjwa na wadudu waharibifu:
a) Magonjwa
Mipapai hushambuliwa zaidi na magonjwa ya ukungu na virusi.
Magonjwa ya ukungu

Magonjwa ya ukungu huababisha majani na matunda kuwa na uyoga mweupe na madoa mesui ya mviringo. Mizizi huoza kutokana na athari za magonjwa hayo na mmea hufa.

Kuzuia
- Kupanda mipapai katika sehemu isiyotuamisha maji
- Kuweka shamba safi wakati wote
- Kuepuka kujeruhi mizizi wakati wa kupalilia
- Kubadlisha mazao
- Kunyunyiza dawa za ukungu k**a vile Dithane M 45.

Magonjwa ya virusi

Magonjwa ya virusi husababisha mmea kudumaa, majani kukunjamana na kilele kuwa na kitita cha majani. Magonjwa hayo huenezwa na panzi na vijidudu aina ya vidukari.

Kuzuia
- Kutumia dawa k**a vile Sumithion au Killpest ili kuangamiza wadudu wanaoeneza magonjwa hayo.

b) Wadudu waharibifu
Wadudu wanaoshambulia zaidi zao hili la mipapai ni vidukari na minyoofundo.

Vidukari
Vidukari hivi hufyonza utomvu wa majani.

Dalili
Mmea hudumaa.

Kuzuia
Nyunyizia mojawapo ya dawa kati ya Sumithion au Dimethoate.

Minyoofundo
Minyoofundo hushambulia mizizi na kuifanye iwe na nundunundu.

Kuzuia
Kubadliha mazao. Baada ya kung’oa mipapai panda aina nyingine ya mazao ambayo haishambiliwi na minyoofundo k**a vile mahindi na mazao jamii ya mikunde.

Wadudu na wanyama wengine waharibifu ni ndege na panya.

Uvunaji:
Mipapai huanza kuzaa katika kipindi cha miezi minne had inane.
Mapapai kwa ajili ya matumizi ya nyumbani yavunwe wakati yanaanza kubadilika rangi kutoka kijani kibichi na kuwa njano. Mapapai kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa yachumwe yakiwa yamekomaa lakini bado yakiwa na rangi ya kijani.
Uvunaji wa mapapai ni wa kutumia mikono au kutumia vichumio maalum. Vuna mapapai na vikonyo vyake ili kurahisisha ubebaji na kuzuia kuingia kwa vimelea vya magonjwa. Weka mapapai kivulini baada ya kuvuna.
Mipapai iliyotunzwa vizuri inaweza kutoa tani 40 kwa hekta kwa mwaka kwa mzao wa kwanza na tani 25 kwa hekta kwa mzao wa pili. Mavuno hupungua katika mzao wa tatu na kuendelea.
(Imeandaliwa na MaendeleoVijijini)

Checking wether male/female
16/06/2018

Checking wether male/female

16/06/2018

Requested:

GUIDELINE ON CHICKEN VACCINATION AND USE OF DRUGS.

Vaccination and drug administration are parts of the poultry medications. Vaccines are applied to chickens to build their immune system against an impending disease. One of the best ways to control poultry disease is through vaccination. In poultry production, either: broiler production, turkey or layers production; vaccination program should be included in the chicken medicine chart.

Vaccines are different from drugs; vaccines are used for prevention while drugs are used for treatment. Vaccination is periodic; drug can be administered at any particular time, provided the chicken is unhealthy. Vaccines are commonly administered when the chickens are healthy; it is to complement and build resistance against any deleterious diseases that may want to distort the healthy living of the bird in future. Once your chicken shows symptoms of diseases; apply drug and not vaccines.

Poultry medications are timely operation. Various material or substances to improve the health status of your chicken must be included in your poultry medicine list; part of the materials is a vaccination schedule. A vaccination schedule is a program that clearly states when and how a vaccine is to be administered. A farmer is always advised to strictly follow the vaccination schedule to ensure the chickens benefit from the vaccines when due. Failure to administer a vaccine when due, may prone the animal to future breakdown on a particular disease.

The use of drug and vaccine as part of medications in poultry production require adequate care and attention. Like humans, we can be treated in various ways: drugs, injection, etc. This also applies to livestock. There are means of drug and vaccine administration; it is called ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION. This cleared states how a drug or vaccine should be administered to ensure its efficiency. The route of administration is normally demoted with abbreviations on the label of the drug. These abbreviations are:

I/V: This means INTRAVENOUS, it means the drug must be given to the animal through the vein. It is used for early or acute emergence of an infection or disease.

I/M: This means INTRAMUSCULAR, it means the drug or vaccine must be given to the animal through the muscle. This is common in all livestock.

S/C: This means SUBCUTANEOUS, it means the drug must be given to the animal through the skin. It is common in poultry and farm animal too. Example is the Fowl pox vaccine for chicks.

TOPICAL: This means the drug must be applied through rubbing on the skin of the animal. It is common in farm animal to treat skin infection.

ORAL: This means the drugs must be given to the animal through drinking water or mixing with feed. This is the most common route in poultry production.

LA: This means LONG-ACTING; it means the drugs will stay longer in the animal system.

A good farmer must always look out for this instruction before the use of drug or starting the process of vaccination on any livestock. These codes are usually embedded by the manufacturer of the vaccine or drug to aid the medications.

Also, very important is human safety in consumption of livestock. Poultry medications have certain rules and regulations. Every vaccine or drug meant for chickens has withdrawal periods. Withdrawal period is the period when these chickens are unproductive; they are unproductive not because they do not produce but because their by-product: egg and meat; cannot be consumed during these medications. It is believed that by-products of livestock (egg, milk, meat) during this withdrawal period are contaminated and should be eaten by humans during or after medications. They are more or less like wastes coming out of the chickens.

Withdrawal period of vaccine is about 3 weeks; this implies that, within the three weeks medication, the by-products of the chickens should not be consumed but discarded. Withdrawal period for vaccination and deworming should be strictly followed to avoid health issues.

Vaccination and deworming usually have residue in the chickens within the withdrawal period. Consuming chicken or its products while on drug or other medications is highly detrimental to human health. Most of the baleful diseases affecting humans today are as a result of indiscriminate consumption of animals and its byproduct at any period.

Organic chicken production is the only viable solution to indiscriminate consumption of chickens and their by-product. In organic poultry (link) production, your poultry medicine book contains herbs and other natural materials that have been proven to be very effective at keeping chicken healthy always.

Medically, it is advisable to eat organic food as it is more tasty and free from health-threatening residues. Aside from its health benefit, organic chicken production it is cheaper and its products control good market price.

Justagricultureblog®

13/06/2018

Turkey Farming With Ksh.10,000 Seed Capital

Turkey farming is one of the unique business ideas you can venture into with as little as Ksh.10,000 seed capital. The return on investment per sale of turkey (and turkey products) is enough to not only provide you with a decent monthly income but also enable you to hire a farm manager to run the business on your behalf.

In fact, it is quite possible to attempt commercial turkey farming in Kenya and still keep your day job. Does this sound like something you would like to do? Read through this simplified guide.

Step One: Getting Started
As with any other business, the first step is to carry out a thorough feasibility study on the potential of this opportunity. You can talk to farmers who are already keeping turkey on a commercial basis.

Besides that, you can visit your nearest agricultural office (either at County or National level) to get more insights. Also, take this opportunity to familiarize with the potential market and identify the challenges you’re likely to encounter.

Step Two: Build Simple Structures
You will need to build a coop (poultry house) that is slightly larger than the one for chicken. Also build another smaller structure to accommodate the turkey younglings (poults) after they hatch.

Note: The poults’ structure should be warmer and cleaner than the one for the mature Step

Three: Buy Turkeys
You can start by buying three turkeys i.e. two females and one male (tom). A 2-months-old turkey currently costs Ksh.1,000. Note: A 1/8th acre piece of land can accommodate about 30 to 40 mature turkeys.

Step Four: Invest in Feeds
Turkeys require food that is high in protein so that they can mature fast and remain healthy. You can prepare a mixture of maize flour with ground omena in addition to other feeds that you may buy from your nearest agro-vet.

Step Four: Keeping Your Turkeys Healthy
The 2-months-old turkeys you’ll buy will take 4 more months to reach full maturity and start laying eggs. In order to keep them in good shape you will need to invest in vaccines and antibiotics.

Common diseases facing these birds include: mycoplasma (sneezing), coccidiosis, blackhead and haemorrhagic enteris all of which can be treated by an avian veterinary in your area. Health Note: Don’t mix turkeys with chicken.

Step Five: Reaping the Benefits
A turkey hen lays 15 eggs over a period of one month and requires 28 days to incubate with an 80%-90% hatchability . Assuming your two females lay and hatch poults successful, then your flock will grow to 25 turkeys.
You can sell some and keep some. A 2 month-old turkey goes for Ksh.1,000 while a mature one (6 months old) goes for Ksh.4,000 – Ksh.6,000.

The Dos
❖ *Maintain a male to female ratio of 1:3, best species is Heritage Turkeys
❖ *Separate young poults from the mother during the day
❖ *Poults should always be kept in a warm room
❖ *Vaccination and general health is an important part of turkey farming
❖ *Wider is readily available in upscale markets such as Village market, Enashipai, Fairmont the Norfolk and Supermarkets like Tuksys.

The Don’ts
❖ *Don’t invest until you carry out a feasibility study
❖ *Don’t mix turkeys with chicken to avoid cross-infections
❖ *Don’t compromise on quality of feeds and coops

How Much To Invest
You can start a small farm of three turkeys with Ksh.10,000. However, as your flock grows you will need to invest more in constructing coops and supplying feeds.

How Much To Expect
Mature turkeys weigh about 7 Kilograms and can be sold for Ksh.5,000 per bird. Turkey eggs can be sold for Ksh.65 – Ksh.100. On average you can earn Ksh.20,000 per month on a small farm that requires Ksh.10,000 to set up.

Final Word
Turkey farming in Kenya is a rare type of business idea because it requires small amounts of capital to set up and a little bit of innovation to scale-up. Therefore, if you have a desire to invest but don’t have a clue which way to go, this could easily be your best bet.

200 business idea®

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Dar Es Salaam

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