10/21/2025
One man. 600,000 miles driven. 1,200 apples saved from extinction.
Tom Brown walks into a farmers market in 1998. He sees apples he's never encountered before—bright pink flesh, purple-black skin, flavors ranging from honey-sweet to peppery. Names like Bitter Buckingham, Arkansas Black, and Candy Stripe.
The vendor tells him something that changes everything: hundreds more varieties are hidden throughout Appalachia, forgotten in old orchards and backyard trees. Most will disappear within a generation.
Tom, a retired chemical engineer, makes a decision. He's going to find them.
For the past 25 years, he's driven over 600,000 miles through rural Appalachia, placing ads in tiny newspapers, talking to elderly residents, tracking down trees based on century-old catalogs. He's searched 16 years for a single variety, only to discover it growing in his own orchard the whole time.
The result? He's saved around 1,200 apple varieties from extinction.
Here's why it matters: In 1905, American orchards grew 14,000 unique apple varieties. By the 1990s, just 11 types made up 90% of grocery store sales. An estimated 11,000 varieties went extinct.
These weren't just apples. They were carefully developed for specific purposes—cider-making, livestock feed, vinegar, baking, frying. They were part of Appalachian culture and survival for over 250 years.
Tom's saved apples with names like Junaluska (standardized by Cherokee Indians 200+ years ago), Harper's Seedling, and Pumpkin Sweet. Flavors no one has tasted in 50-100 years are back.
His work has sparked a cider renaissance, given chefs hundreds of new flavors to experiment with, and preserved biodiversity we almost lost forever.
"These were foods people once cared about deeply, that were central to their lives. It felt wrong to just let them die."
One person decided extinction wasn't acceptable. And 1,200 apple varieties survived because of it.