12/24/2025
Part Four: Bernadotte Bourbon
Why Swedes Came to America — And Why Bernadotte Exists
To understand Bernadotte — in Minnesota and in Bernadotte, Illinois — you have to understand the pressure Sweden was under in the second half of the 19th century.
Between 1820 and 1880, Sweden’s population nearly doubled, growing from about 2.4 million to over 4.5 million people. That growth outpaced available farmland. Inheritance practices divided farms again and again, until many families were left with plots too small to support another generation. For rural laborers, opportunities narrowed quickly.
Then came crisis years.
From 1867–1869, Sweden suffered one of the worst crop failures and famines in its modern history. Tens of thousands required emergency aid. Entire regions, especially rural and forested areas, were pushed to the brink. These years marked the first major surge of Swedish emigration.
At the same time, Swedish society was undergoing deep reform — including strict moral and social controls tied to the Lutheran state church.
One of the most important (and often overlooked) factors was alcohol regulation.
By the mid-1800s, Sweden had some of the highest per-capita alcohol consumption in Europe, largely driven by home distillation of spirits. In response, the Swedish government enacted sweeping reforms:
• 1855–1865: Sweden sharply restricted home distillation
• 1865: The state and municipalities took control of spirit production and sales through a regulated monopoly system
• 1870s–1900s: Alcohol licenses were limited, profits were redirected to public good, and consumption was actively discouraged
• 1917: Sweden introduced the Bratt System, a rationing program where adults needed a booklet to purchase alcohol
• 1922: Sweden held a national referendum on full prohibition — it failed narrowly, but strict controls remained
• Full deregulation would not occur until 1955, when the modern Systembolaget monopoly was established
(It’s worth noting that even as Sweden tightly restricted alcohol at home, the Swedish government itself owned and exported spirits abroad — including Absolut and Svedka — through its state company V&S Group from 1929 until 2008, when the portfolio was sold to Pernod Ricard.)
Similar movements existed across Scandinavia. Norway enacted partial prohibition between 1916–1927. Finland enacted full prohibition from 1919–1932.
For many rural Swedes, this wasn’t just about drinking — it was about state control, moral oversight, and limited personal agency. Combined with economic hardship, it reinforced the sense that opportunity and independence were slipping away at home.
America offered the opposite.
Between 1850 and 1930, roughly 1.1 to 1.3 million Swedes emigrated to the United States — nearly one quarter of Sweden’s population at the time. The peak decade was the 1880s, when more than 330,000 Swedes left. The single highest year was 1887, with over 46,000 emigrants.
Most followed a similar route: departing through Gothenburg, crossing to England, sailing from Liverpool, landing in New York, and then traveling inland by rail.
The Midwest became the destination of choice. Minnesota, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska offered land, wages, and communities where Swedish language, Lutheran faith, and farming skills were immediately useful.
That’s why Bernadotte exists — twice.
Bernadotte, Minnesota and Bernadotte, Illinois were both named after King Charles XIV John of Sweden, founder of the House of Bernadotte. To immigrants, the name represented stability, national pride, and continuity during a time of upheaval. Naming a town Bernadotte was a way of carrying Sweden forward into American soil.
These were not boomtowns. They were places built slowly — around churches, schools, cooperative labor, and family farms. They were places meant to last.
When Charles Sjostrom arrived in New Ulm in 1885, Swedish emigration was near its height. His story fits the pattern exactly: economic pressure at home, opportunity abroad, and the decision to rebuild life around land, faith, and work.
Bernadotte did not happen by accident.
It happened because hundreds of thousands of Swedes made the same hard decision, during the same hard years, and brought with them a shared ethic: thrift, honesty, persistence, community, and belief in the dignity of work.
From famine and reform to farmland and freedom.
From regulation and scarcity to ownership and opportunity.
From Sweden to America.
That is why Bernadotte exists.
Pictured are Charles’ home church, Madesjo; what we expect was his childhood home circa 1915; the small Quay boat taken from Kalmar to Gothenberg; the ship Orlando for the journey Gothenberg to London; the type of train taken in 1885; and an example of the lumber wagon taken for 7 hours from New Ulm to Bernadotte. Information compiled in 2003 and updated in 2024 by my second cousin twice removed, Walt Sirene.