11/08/2024
Ferns are resilient!
Ferns are some of the coolest, most persistent plants in existence. Letβs explore a little bit about why ferns make great foliage for native gardens and look at some of the benefits of having them planted in your preferred gardening place.
Not only do ferns provide foraging space for ground-feeding birds, but they also provide shelter for them as well as for some species of turtles, frogs, and toads. In this article we will provide you with some of our Maryland Native species and a brief description of each.
First, a little history about ferns. If we can imagine what Planet Earth looked like about 390 million years ago, it was a hot and humid world where ferns began to become the dominant plant species. By comparison, flowering plants have βonlyβ been around for about 130 million years. Ferns evolved from a now extinct group of plants called Rhyniopsida. The plants in Rhyniopsida didnβt have any leaves; instead they photosynthesized with their stems and branches. As plants evolved, Rhynopsida gave way to ferns, which means that the first plants with leaves came to exist.
This poses an interesting question; If ferns have been around for almost 400 million years, why is it that barely anything eats them? Some studies have demonstrated that some ferns have a toxin called ptaquiloside and some have a toxin called thiaminase. These toxins likely make the ferns less desirable than most of the surrounding forest foliage even though it isnβt lethal in small amounts.
Some of the Native Ferns we encourage planting are:
Northern Maidenhair Fern (π΄πππππ‘π’π πππππ‘π’π)
Christmas fern (ππππ¦π π‘ππβπ’π πππππ π‘ππβπππππ )
Hay-Scented Fern (π·ππππ π‘ππππ‘ππ ππ’πππ‘πππππ’ππ)
Lady Fern (π΄π‘βπ¦πππ’π πππππ₯-ππππππ)
Royal Fern (ππ ππ’πππ πππππππ )
Wood Fern (π·ππ¦πππ‘ππππ ππππππππππ )
Check out the following links for more fern-tastic information!
https://news.maryland.gov/dnr/2022/08/10/native-plant-profile-yours-frondly-ferns/
https://science.jrank.org/pages/2685/Ferns-Evolution.html
https://loudounwildlife.org/2018/07/native-ferns-have-a-place-in-our-plantings-for-wildlife
https://njaes.rutgers.edu/deer-resistant-plants
https://www.amerfernsoc.org/about-ferns
Photo: Ranger Elena Gilroy, Maryland Park Service