08/19/2026
The Sun Also Rises — literary memoir essay— as submitted to The Sun Magazine
By Wayne Stephen
I was fifteen years old, in the ninth grade, when Hemingway found me.
I was living in a foster home and going to Minnetonka High School. An English teacher gave me The Old Man and the Sea. I read it and loved it, so he promptly handed me another Hemingway.
The Sun Also Rises.
Funny thing about being a foster kid in high school: show an interest in something healthy and positive and the adults in your life will throw everything they've got at it. We found something! He likes art! He likes to read! Jesus Christ, get the kid some books. There's HOPE!
It makes me laugh now, but there was something beautiful about it too. They had found something. So had I.
I was probably the wrong age to understand The Sun Also Rises, but I was certainly the right age to be seduced by it. At fifteen, I didn't know what was underneath those sentences. I just knew I loved the way they sounded.
Paris and Spain. Wine bottles sweating on cafe tables. Trout in cold mountain streams. Men drinking too much and saying too little. Lady Brett Ashley moving through the whole goddamn thing like weather.
And the bulls.
Jesus, the bulls.
Hemingway romanticized bullfighting beautifully, and fifteen-year-old me bought every f**king word of it. The courage, the ritual, the blood, the matador standing still while a thousand pounds of animal passed inches from his body. Hemingway made it seem ancient and elemental and honest, man and death occupying the same small piece of dirt.
I was completely seduced by it.
Years later, in my early twenties, while living in San Diego, I went to the bullfights at the Monumental Plaza de Toros in Tijuana.
Trippin on L*D.
This particular bit of genius had less to do with Hemingway than my generation's greatest comedy— Caddyshack. In the movie, Lacey Underall mentions that one of the things she likes doing in her spare time is "Going to bullfights on acid." For whatever reason, I had carried that line around in my head and always wanted to do it.
So a few of us did.
We dropped acid and went to the bullfights.
It was one of the most horrific awakenings of my life.
Whatever Hemingway had planted in my fifteen-year-old imagination died in that arena. Maybe the acid trip stripped away whatever illusion I might otherwise have managed to maintain. I don't know. I just remember there wasn't anything romantic about what I was seeing. There wasn't anything noble about it either.
This wasn't courage. It wasn't some beautiful contest between man and beast. It wasn't grace under pressure or an ancient meditation on death.
It was people tormenting an animal and calling it culture.
And cousin, were the people were cheering.
The bull didn't read Hemingway. It hadn't volunteered to become a metaphor for masculinity or courage or death. We created the ritual, wrote the mythology, dressed everybody up, called it tradition and then congratulated ourselves for being brave while an animal suffered.
F**k bullfighting.
It took getting older to unf**k some of that Hemingway-inspired s**t in my own head. That's one of the strange things about loving a writer for most of your life. Eventually you have to stop worshipping him and start arguing with him.
Maybe that's part of growing up with an artist. Eventually you become old enough to tell him where he was wrong.
Hemingway was wrong about this.
But arguing with Hemingway hasn't made me love The Sun Also Rises less. If anything, it has made the relationship more honest. He gave me something extraordinary when I was fifteen. Life eventually corrected him on some of the details.
The book survived the argument.
This year is the centennial year of The Sun Also Rises. It was published in October 1926, and I've found myself thinking about it again—not exactly the book I read at fifteen, but the book I've been carrying around ever since.
That's the strange thing about great books. The words stay exactly where the writer left them while the person reading them keeps changing.
For years, The Sun Also Rises has been explained as the great novel of the Lost Generation: Jake Barnes, Brett Ashley, Robert Cohn and Mike Campbell drinking and traveling and f**king and fighting their way through postwar Europe because the First World War had shattered whatever faith their generation once possessed.
That's certainly part of it, but I don't think that's the heart of the book.
And Hemingway didn't really think so either.
He opens the novel with Gertrude Stein's famous judgment: “You are all a lost generation.” Then he answers her with Ecclesiastes. One generation passes away and another comes. The earth remains. The sun rises, goes down and returns again.
That's where Hemingway found his title.
The Sun Also Rises.
I've come to believe the whole go'damn book is sitting right there.
Hemingway resisted the idea that his generation was simply lost. He thought they'd been battered. That's a much more interesting word, because battered doesn't mean gone. It means something happened to you and you're still standing there afterward.
Jake Barnes is still there afterward.
The war has wounded him sexually. Hemingway barely explains the injury because the mechanics aren't really the point. What matters is what comes afterward. Jake survived the war, but survival didn't give him his old life back.
He loves Brett. Brett loves him. He desires her and she desires him, but because of his wound they cannot have the ordinary life they imagine together.
It's such a simple device. Hemingway takes something enormous—the physical and psychological destruction of a generation by industrial warfare—and puts it inside one man's body.
The war ended.
Jake's wound didn't.
Brett has her own version of the same problem. Jake cannot physically have the relationship he wants, while Brett seemingly can sleep with anyone she wants and still can't create the life she wants. One is denied desire. The other chases it everywhere and gets no closer to anything resembling peace.
So everybody keeps moving: Paris, cafés, restaurants, trains, Spain, hotels, Pamplona, bullfights, Madrid.
And everybody drinks.
Holy s**t, do they drink.
That looked romantic to me at fifteen too. Reading it now, it looks a helluva lot more like anesthesia. These people are almost never still, because being still means having to sit with themselves. So they order another bottle, find another cafe, catch another train, fall in love with somebody inappropriate, start another argument and go somewhere else.
Anything to keep moving.
Then, right in the middle of all that noise, Hemingway sends Jake fishing.
I've come to love that part of the book more as I've gotten older. Jake and Bill go to Burguete and suddenly most of the bulls**t disappears. There's a river and trout, food and wine, friendship, sleep and morning.
Nobody has to explain himself to the river. A trout doesn't give a s**t who your father was, how much money you have, whom Brett slept with, what happened in the war or whether you're sufficiently masculine.
The natural world just keeps doing what it does.
And there, again, is Ecclesiastes. Generations come and generations go. The river keeps moving. The earth remains. Morning comes.
This is where the Hemingway who seduced me at fifteen and the Hemingway I understand now finally meet.
Hemingway spent his life fascinated by courage, masculinity and death. Sometimes that fascination produced great writing. Sometimes it produced bulls**t. Sometimes it produced cruelty. And sometimes it produced a mythology of manhood that generations of young men, including me, had to spend some time unlearning.
But underneath all that macho scaffolding was something much more interesting.
Hemingway was obsessed with how a person should behave when the outcome can't be changed.
You can't undo the war or restore Jake's body. You can't make Brett into somebody she isn't. You can't make another person love you the way you need them to. And sooner or later most of us discover that you CANNOT bargain your way backward into the life you thought you were going to have.
So what remains is how you live the one you actually have: whether you do your work, tell yourself the truth, recognize beauty while it's in front of you, and maybe learn to sit beside a river without demanding that the universe solve your problems before you're allowed to enjoy being alive.
Jake isn't particularly good at all of this.
That's important.
He's jealous and bitter. He's complicit in the cruelty around him. He helps Brett get to Romero even though he knows exactly what he's doing. He watches people behave terribly and occasionally joins them.
Jake isn't some Hemingway saint. He's a wounded guy trying to figure out how to live.
He's an early modern anti-hero. Or, as Hemingway scholars describe as, "A wounded Hemingway hero."
I trust that guy more.
And then Hemingway brings the whole f**kin thing down to six words.
The fiesta is over. Romero is gone. The noise has stopped. Brett and Jake are together in Madrid, and Brett allows herself one last beautiful fantasy. She tells Jake they could've had such a damned good time together.
A lesser writer could’ve e given us a speech here. Tears, declarations, promises, maybe someday.
Hemingway gives Jake six words.
“Isn't it pretty to think so?”
Got'damn....
I didn't understand that sentence when I was fifteen.
How could I?
Maybe you need some mileage before you really understand the difference between the life you imagined and the life you actually got. There're people we thought would remain, bodies we assumed would keep working, relationships we thought would last, places we thought we'd return to and versions of ourselves we were absolutely certain we would become.
Sometimes they don't happen.
And you can spend an enormous portion of your life negotiating with that fact. "If only", "What if." "We could have."..."I should have."
Isn't it pretty to think so?
What destroys me about Jake's answer now is that he doesn't say the imagined life wasn't beautiful.
It was.
It just wasn't the life they got.
Well s**t, maybe maturity is learning to hold those two things at the same time. You can love the life that might've been.
You just can't live there.
I think about that fifteen-year-old foster kid at Minnetonka High School holding this book for the first time. There was no possible way he could understand that sentence yet. He hadn't lived enough.
He just knew he liked Hemingway.
And the adults around him saw that little spark and started throwing books at it.
He reads! There's hope!
Maybe they were right.
Not because Hemingway saved me. Books don't work that way. But a teacher put one book into the hands of a kid who needed somewhere for his mind to go. The kid loved it, so the teacher gave him another.
And that kid carried it around for more than forty years.
Which brings me, after all this time, back to the title.
Always the title.
The Sun Also Rises.
There's no promise in those words that justice arrives tomorrow, that wounds heal, that the people we lose come back or that the universe secretly arranged our suffering because it has some larger plan for us.
It's much simpler than that.
Morning comes.
The thing happened. You lost something. You were wounded. You probably f**ked a few things up yourself. Somebody left. Somebody died. The life you imagined didn't happen.
And still the river moves, the earth remains, the sun goes down.
And the sun also rises.
When I was fifteen, I thought Hemingway was teaching me how to be tough. A hundred years after The Sun Also Rises was published, I understand the book differently.
It's not really about being tough.
It's about being battered and continuing anyway. Not pretending the wound isn't there, not turning suffering into nobility, not convincing yourself everything happens for a reason. Just refusing to confuse being wounded with being finished.
That's prolly ehy I've carried this book for so long.
The fifteen-year-old in me loved Paris and Spain and Brett Ashley and the dangerous romance of the bulls. The young man went to Tijuana and learned something about those bulls Hemingway never taught him.
The older man loves the river.
He understands those six terrible, perfect words now.
And above all, he finally understands the title.
Eventually most of us discover there are things we cannot get back. Then comes the harder question:
What are you going to do with the morning?
The sun, after all, also rises.