09/20/2026
We've watched vultures attempt to attack goat kids on our farm in middle South Carolina. A solid livestock guard dog jumped 4 feet off the ground to chase them off before they ever landed. https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19KKJGs7pt/
Black vultures eat newborn calves alive across at least 18 states, and a rancher who wants to shoot the birds doing it needs a federal permit that allows five kills per year against flocks that regularly number more than 20.
Oklahoma rancher Yancy Paul encountered one of those flocks on his familyâs 800-acre farm near Lexington. âBefore I could get to him, it was probably 40 or 50 of them just plucking at that newborn calf,â he said. The birds attacked the calfâs eyes and soft tissue while it was still alive.
Black vultures are primarily scavengers, but they also attack calves, lambs, piglets, and other vulnerable livestock. Newborn calves are at greatest risk while they are wet, unsteady, and unable to defend themselves. The birds may gather around a cow during labor and begin pecking before the calf can stand. Some injured animals have to be euthanized.
The problem has spread as black vultures have expanded north from the Southeast into Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and neighboring states. In the USDAâs 2015 cattle death-loss survey, producers attributed 24,600 calf deaths to vultures. That represented 10 percent of calf losses blamed on predators, up from 6 percent in the previous national survey.
Those figures are estimates based on producer reports. Unless someone witnesses the attack, it can be difficult to determine whether vultures killed a calf or began feeding after it died from disease, exposure, or complications during birth. Researchers nevertheless consider livestock attacks well documented, and producers in 18 states have reported them.
Black vultures are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. In 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began allowing state farm bureaus and agriculture departments to issue free subpermits under master depredation permits. Many of those subpermits allowed a producer to kill five vultures per year, with the limited shooting intended to frighten away the rest of the flock.
Permit limits vary by state. Oklahoma increased its annual allowance from five vultures to ten in 2024 after complaints from cattle producers continued to rise. Ranchers are also advised to remove carcasses, watch calving pastures closely, use noise deterrents, and display a legally killed vulture as an effigy. For someone facing the flock Yancy Paul described, even the expanded Oklahoma permit covers only ten of 40 or 50 birds.
Image is for illustration purposes only
Source: KCUR / KOSU / Harvest Public Media / USDA APHIS Wildlife Services / U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry / Purdue University / Avery and Cummings, Livestock Depredations by Black Vultures and Golden Eagles