18/07/2026
Answer Key to Some Exercises for IAWT2 (4) + (5)
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Previous 3 Sentences
1. It is certainly true that the use of private cars has greatly increased, but it is also true that not all the effects of the increase are positive.
2. A common criticism of the increase in the number of private cars on the road is that firstly, it causes air pollution.
3. This is because cars emit exhaust, which contains Carbon Dioxide, and which is the cause of air pollution.
Sentence 4
(1) [Since / Therefore / Although] the increase in the number of cars (2) [mean / means / meaning] the increase in the (3) [number / amount] of CO2 in the air, (4) [this / that / thus] further causes people to get respiratory diseases.
1. [Since / Therefore / Although]
These are linking words that show different relationships between two ideas.
Since = shows cause/reason (it means the same as "because").
Therefore = shows result/consequence (it means the same as "so" or "as a result.
Although = shows contrast/concession (it introduces a surprising opposite fact, like "even though").
Answer: Since
2. [mean / means / meaning]
Mean = Used as a verb for plural subjects, or "I/you/we/they".
Means = Used as a verb for singular subjects ("it/this/that")
Meaning: The noun form (the definition/significance) or the participle form used in continuous tenses or clauses.
Answer: means (SVA)
3. [number / amount] of CO_2
Number: Used strictly for countable nouns
Amount: Used for uncountable nouns
Answer: amount (of CO2)
4: [this / that / thus] further causes...
This = Refers to a specific thing, fact, or situation that was just mentioned closely in the text or pointing directly to the immediate cause
That = Refers to something slightly further back or less immediate than "this."
Thus = An adverb meaning "in this way" or "therefore."
Answer: this
Answer to Sentence 4:
Since the increase in the number of cars means the increase in the amount of CO2 in the air, this further causes people to get respiratory diseases.
Sentence 5
(1) [Other / Another / The other] objection to the increase in the number of cars on the road (2) [is / are] the higher incidence of traffic jams. (3) [Because / Because of / As a result], much valuable time (4) [is wasting / is wasted / wastes] on the road.
1. [Other / Another / The other]
Other = Means "different ones" or "more of them." (Used with plural or uncountable nouns).
Another = Means "one more" or "an alternative single item." (Used with singular nouns).
The other = Refers to the specific remaining item(s) out of a known set.
Answer: Another (objection)
2. [is / are]
SVA: Subject is 'objection'
Answer: is
3. [Because / Because of / As a result]
Because = Must be followed by a full clause (Subject + Verb) / Reason
Because of = Must be followed by a noun phrase (No verb) / Reason
As a result = to introduce a consequence like "This" / "Therefore"
Answer: As a result (a consequence of traffic jams)
4. [is wasting / is wasted / wastes]
Is wasting: Active voice. Present Continuous Tense.
Is wasted: Passive voice.
Wastes: Active voice, singular present tense.
Answer: is wasted (PV)
Answer to Sentence 5:
Another objection to the increase in the number of cars on the road is the higher incidence of traffic jams. As a result, much valuable time is wasted on the road.
All 5 Sentences: 1 to 5:
1. It is certainly true that the use of private cars has greatly increased, but it is also true that not all the effects of the increase are positive.
2. A common criticism of the increase in the number of private cars on the road is that firstly, it causes air pollution.
3. This is because cars emit exhaust, which contains Carbon Dioxide, and which is the cause of air pollution.
4. Since the increase in the number of cars means the increase in the amount of CO2 in the air, this further causes people to get respiratory diseases.
5. Another objection to the increase in the number of cars on the road is the higher incidence of traffic jams. As a result, much valuable time is wasted on the road.
